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How do I improve?

You can improve multiple ways. I think its best to improve a little in each category you are only as good as your weakest link (sort of).

At your level the best next step you can do is to not blunder pieces and not fall for tactics.
For you until you consistently stop dropping pieces in games you should work to improve.

Best way is to do tactics trainer. Lots of it.
Always be aware for LPDO Lose pieces drop off.
Any undefended pieces should catch your eye even if it looks like it doesnt matter ALWAYS!
Be paranoid about it. Soon it will feel like second hand.

I have a simple test I have devised if you want to take it message me. It takes about a hour to complete there is no pass or fail. The test is merely to see where your strengths and weaknesses are so you know what to improve. About 30 people have taken the test and for many its improved their ability to see what they need to work on.

I don't charge to take the test though I probably should. First lesson is always free generally that is going over the test with you on a different occasion.

Ok back to the other.
Places to improve:

Calculation (outright)
Pattern recognition
Positional play
Endgames
Openings
Planning and strategy
5 ways to improve at anything: 1. Watch better players. 2. Read books 3. Practice 4. Perform - practice with added pressure. 5. Get coached. Seems like you are doing the last one by posting this thread. Good luck! :D
To manage your time better, it is easier if you stick to one playing tempo. 5+8 is fine. Do not play blitz.

If you have lost a game look at it in your profile page top right of your page by then clicking on the game. Enable "analysis board", press "request a computer analysis" and wait a while. Then go to "learn from your mistakes"
So, after 2 weeks of trying to follow everyone's advice, I got a bit better, although I seem to have hit a wall in my progression and now I'm falling back, maybe I just don't have the "brain power" needed to actually get decently good? Any opinions on this appreciated. In the meantime Guess I'll just keep playing and see what happens.
Still willing to play a 2 or 3 days a move casual game and talk over the moves as we play - just send a challenge.
If you don't play such games normally, and think they will be boring, it usually goes pretty quickly until we are out of book.
Most feasible ideas have probably been presented already. Here's my personal list.

1. Tactics. Spend most of your time on tactics until you are sick of them and instead want to play actual games. If you don't know the tactical themes out there yet, I personally recommend the "Step Method" by IM Cor van Wijgerden, but any resource will do - I've seen some very good YouTube videos about beginner tactics that serve as a good start.

2. Play and analyze games. Play the game according to Betelgeuze's formula, keep time control in mind as tpr pointed out, and analyze the game afterward with the help of an engine. Of course, the engine is a TOOL, not an excuse to stop thinking and start letting the engine play vs. itself.

Playing games slightly strengthens all aspects of your play, although at a slower rate than if you practiced them separately. Benefits are that you learn certain things that only pertain to classic chess and NOT to the practice of its individual elements (such as common tactics and ideas in the openings you play). It's also fun and helps you evaluate your play and thus allows you to identify your strengths and weaknesses. Strengths are something you can use in deciding what openings to play and weaknesses are something you can use in deciding what to focus your practice on (I can already tell you the answer, though: TACTICS! :^P).

3 - 99. Tactics

100. Endgame studies once you're in ethereally high Elo planes.

101 - 999. Tactics

1000. Discussing with your team what move to play after 22. Bh6 in some main line Sicilian. (This is a pun that partially revolves around this point being so far down the list it should be the least of your concerns.)

I personally don't like any form of writing as a means of studying chess rather than merely discussing it. I'm sure they also serve as a good way to improve your game, but I personally am convinced that the formula puzzles + games + analysis is sufficient. I haven't ever read anything in a chess article or book yet that I have considered to be clearly useful in my games, while in complete contrast it's hard for me to think of a puzzle, game or analysis that did NOT help me improve. But, of course, many have used it to improve and it's certainly not a bad way to practice. I just didn't put it on my list because I think it's unnecessary and there are better ways to spend your chess studying time.

Also, you cannot evaluate whether or not you stagnate if you don't play regularly. Go ahead and look at my Elo curve; it's ever so slightly climbing. However, that's not based on 10 or 20 games. That's based on hundreds of games with hundreds of puzzles and analyses in between. Remember, rating gains are something LONG TERM. Losing even as much as 50 rating points is no big deal; what matters is that you're improving and that eventually, you'll get those points back with some nice tax rate on it as well. Consider that Magnus Carlsen played 3000 games when he was 12 years old in ONE YEAR. Then you realize that before ever questioning your capabilities or "talent", you should first question how much time you're putting into the game. And I can tell you right now: if you are not a GM and are capable of reading and comprehending this text, you far exceed the minimum cognitive requirements to play chess at a solid level. Drill that into your brain! YOU DO NOT LACK BRAIN POWER IF YOU CAN READ THIS!

One last thing, about early resignation. Early resignation and questioning your capabilities are a sign of low self-confidence. Obviously I hope they are retained to just the game of chess. Either way, it's a serious issue and it's something worth workin on just as much as studying the game itself is worth. I just looked into one random game and you resigned with only a pawn deficit resulting from some complicated positional weaknesses at best play. In other words: it was completely even for practical purposes. You probably resigned because you thought you dropped your queen, but you were attacking the opponent's at this time. Point being, don't resign until you have so little pieces left on the board that it's impossible to get a sufficient amount of material back. At my level (1700-1800), I bet I win roughly 1/3 of the games after being down a full piece. I've even won a game once against someone with a similar rating down a Queen, Rook, Bishop and Knight. OK, that's a once in a lifetime, but at your level you only need two pieces to go ahead and threaten checkmate. Oops, opponent missed it, you win.

So now that the part about the utility of not resigning early is out of the way, I want to discuss the mindset that underpins it and some advice on how to get rid of it. Much like you need to exercise the same tactical concepts over and over again to really drill them into your brain, the same applies for your mindset. This is something many different people have picked up on, including sportsmen, soldiers, and cognitive psychologists. To take that game I saw as an example (lichess.org/xVZbUgny): I assume you resigned because you noticed you'd lose your queen. We'll ignore for a second that you actually would trade queens instead. In this situation, you should always establish your winning condition and focus on that. Down a rook? Attack one of his rooks. Opponent too clever for that? Set up a double attack onto his rooks. If you still have that queen, go ahead and launch a kingside attack; checkmate is always a winning condition, but it's most feasible with queens on the board. Opponent down on time? Run him out of it. Generate counterplay with the above options in mind and do so quickly. Have him budge under pressure. DO NOT do this when ahead; in that case, playing slowly and calculated is the way to go. Why? Because of your winning conditions! If you're ahead, staying safe and playing it out calmly is a win for you. We're only looking for cheap tricks because it's our only potential way out, of course. This is how I think during a game. I try to resign only when I see no more feasible win condition like checkmate, win on time or playing for tricks. But until that very moment that I hit the resign button, I am thinking "I CAN WIN!" without any hesitation.

Besides this, you have to accept that if your opponent does not fall for your tricks, you lose the game. After I see I missed a double attack, the first thing I do is accept it. Don't take three minutes in a four-minute game to desperately look for a way out when you really know it's not there. Look for your most realistic win condition and say "I will lose if my opponent plays correctly, but I COULD WIN! And my win will most likely come from <win condition>". Notice that this is a slightly adapted model of the "5 stages". First, you're angry. As long as it's not too intense and subsides quickly, then this is fine. Then you accept that you made a mistake and are most likely going to lose. Then you "negotiate" or see what your best odds of saving the game are. It's normal to spend a bit of time to spot for a resolution to the tactic played against you before accepting it, but some players head into denial and spend ludicrous amounts of time after they notice they are now officially losing. That's a whopping 4 out of 5 stages, skip denial if possible, maybe even skip anger if possible, although some level of frustration is normal. Chess is life, losing is dying, I guess. Then what would winning be, though?! But yeah, in all seriousness, train yourself in this area. Especially because most likely if you have this issue in chess, you'll have it in other games or areas of life as well. And it's something you can actively do something about through cognitive exercises like this!

Good luck!
@Ivancuck you still have not hit me up on my offer :)

Also if you think you can, you can, if you think you can't you can't. Just keep that in mind. :) Success in chess does not come overnight or in a few weeks. It takes time and lots of practice.

If you are REALLY serious on improving. I am sure you can get to 1600 here on lichess within a month of very vigorous training. One of my students went from 1200-1600 in about 6 weeks. He worked on chess a few hours a day. And got good advice.
Blitz and bullet will get you nowhere. Play longer games and study tactics.
Analyze your own games (not with computer, do it by yourself).
Learn some basic opening principles, chose 2 or 3 openings and stick to them.
And again, study tactics. You should probably get a book, or find an online course with gradual increase in difficulty. Try to work out the solution first before you try out moves. The point is to calculate and get your brain used to it.
In my opinion improving chess firstly have to categorize your rating learning. From 1100 - till 2000 rating has a huge mapworking.
Starting 1100 to get 1200 +/- 50 is like to conquer new land. Thats thinking give you some information. All ratings +/- 100 has a different aspects. Thats make enjoyable chess. If you are 1500 u have to analyze the games about 1600-1700 ratings not much more. Dont analyze games grandmasters. Much more dont think of them. U have to reach your vision maximum 100+200 rating. will continue...
I disagree. You should study grandmaster games and analyse your own losses. You learn nothing from games by weak players. Grandmaster games are great study material.

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